Cov tshuaj desiccants ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo thiab ruaj khov los ntawm kev nqus cov dej noo thiab tawm tsam cov teeb meem xws li xeb, pwm, thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dej noo. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav los saib ze dua ntawm ob lub tshuaj desiccants nrov - activated alumina thiab silica gel, tshuaj xyuas lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, cov txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kev txwv.
Alumina ua kom nquag yog ib hom alumina oxide uas muaj qhov ntxeem tau zoo heev uas paub txog nws cov khoom siv adsorption zoo heev. Nws siv dav hauv kev siv ziab hauv kev lag luam vim nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm huab cua thiab cov pa roj. Nws thaj chaw loj thiab porosity siab ua rau nws yog ib qho desiccant zoo rau kev tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom rhiab heev xws li tshuaj, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm alumina ua kom nquag yog tias nws tuaj yeem tso tawm ntau qhov kub thaum lub sijhawm adsorption, uas tej zaum yuav tsis haum rau qee qhov kev siv.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, silica gel yog cov khoom siv desiccant uas ua los ntawm silicon dioxide. Nws paub txog nws qhov chaw siab thiab muaj zog rau cov dej molecules, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom nqus dej zoo. Silica gel feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob khoom hauv cov ntim khoom kom cov khoom qhuav thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dej noo. Nws kuj tseem siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, koob yees duab, thiab cov khoom tawv thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los. Txawm hais tias nws ua haujlwm zoo, silica gel muaj peev xwm nqus tau tsawg thiab yuav tsum tau hloov lossis rov ua dua tshiab ntau zaus.
Ob qho tib si activated alumina thiab silica gel muaj lawv tus kheej lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog thaum nws los txog rau kev nqus dej noo. Thaum activated alumina yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau kev ziab hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv loj, silica gel yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau cov khoom me me, cov khoom muag dua. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov desiccants no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv qhov yog rau cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntsig txog dej noo.
Ntxiv rau lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, ob qho desiccants muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev nqus dej noo. Activated alumina ua haujlwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua physisorption, qhov twg cov dej molecules raug adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm desiccant. Ntawm qhov tod tes, silica gel siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nqus lub cev thiab capillary condensation los ntes cov dej noo hauv nws cov pores. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm desiccants hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.
Ntxiv mus, cov desiccants no pom muaj kev siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam. Activated alumina siv dav hauv kev ziab cov cua thiab cov pa roj, nrog rau kev ntxuav cov kua xws li propane thiab butane. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ziab cov kuab tshuaj thiab tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv ntawm cov roj ntuj. Silica gel, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev, tiv thaiv xeb thiab xeb hauv phom, thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv muaj nqis thiab cov duab kos duab.
Xaus lus, ob qho tib si activated alumina thiab silica gel desiccants ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo thiab ruaj khov los ntawm kev tawm tsam cov teeb meem ntsig txog dej noo. Txhua lub desiccant muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, cov txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kev txwv, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau yam kev siv. Kev nkag siab txog cov qauv, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus dej noo, thiab kev siv ntawm cov desiccants no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv lawv zoo hauv ntau yam lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev ziab hauv kev lag luam lossis kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov desiccant zoo tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo thiab zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-07-2024
